CVE-2023-52490

EUVD-2023-57115
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm: migrate: fix getting incorrect page mapping during page migration

When running stress-ng testing, we found below kernel crash after a few hours:

Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000
pc : dentry_name+0xd8/0x224
lr : pointer+0x22c/0x370
sp : ffff800025f134c0
......
Call trace:
  dentry_name+0xd8/0x224
  pointer+0x22c/0x370
  vsnprintf+0x1ec/0x730
  vscnprintf+0x2c/0x60
  vprintk_store+0x70/0x234
  vprintk_emit+0xe0/0x24c
  vprintk_default+0x3c/0x44
  vprintk_func+0x84/0x2d0
  printk+0x64/0x88
  __dump_page+0x52c/0x530
  dump_page+0x14/0x20
  set_migratetype_isolate+0x110/0x224
  start_isolate_page_range+0xc4/0x20c
  offline_pages+0x124/0x474
  memory_block_offline+0x44/0xf4
  memory_subsys_offline+0x3c/0x70
  device_offline+0xf0/0x120
  ......

After analyzing the vmcore, I found this issue is caused by page migration.
The scenario is that, one thread is doing page migration, and we will use the
target page's ->mapping field to save 'anon_vma' pointer between page unmap and
page move, and now the target page is locked and refcount is 1.

Currently, there is another stress-ng thread performing memory hotplug,
attempting to offline the target page that is being migrated. It discovers that
the refcount of this target page is 1, preventing the offline operation, thus
proceeding to dump the page. However, page_mapping() of the target page may
return an incorrect file mapping to crash the system in dump_mapping(), since
the target page->mapping only saves 'anon_vma' pointer without setting
PAGE_MAPPING_ANON flag.

There are seveval ways to fix this issue:
(1) Setting the PAGE_MAPPING_ANON flag for target page's ->mapping when saving
'anon_vma', but this can confuse PageAnon() for PFN walkers, since the target
page has not built mappings yet.
(2) Getting the page lock to call page_mapping() in __dump_page() to avoid crashing
the system, however, there are still some PFN walkers that call page_mapping()
without holding the page lock, such as compaction.
(3) Using target page->private field to save the 'anon_vma' pointer and 2 bits
page state, just as page->mapping records an anonymous page, which can remove
the page_mapping() impact for PFN walkers and also seems a simple way.

So I choose option 3 to fix this issue, and this can also fix other potential
issues for PFN walkers, such as compaction.
ProviderTypeBase ScoreAtk. VectorAtk. ComplexityPriv. RequiredVector
NISTPrimary
5.5 MEDIUM
LOCAL
LOW
LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CISA-ADPADP
5.5 MEDIUM
LOCAL
LOW
LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Base Score
CVSS 3.x
EPSS Score
Percentile: Unknown
Affected Products (NVD)
VendorProductVersion
linuxlinux_kernel
6.3 ≤
𝑥
< 6.6.15
linuxlinux_kernel
6.7 ≤
𝑥
< 6.7.3
𝑥
= Vulnerable software versions
Debian logo
Debian Releases
Debian Product
Codename
linux
bookworm
6.1.115-1
not-affected
bookworm (security)
6.1.119-1
fixed
bullseye
5.10.223-1
not-affected
bullseye (security)
5.10.226-1
fixed
buster
not-affected
sid
6.12.6-1
fixed
trixie
6.12.6-1
fixed
Ubuntu logo
Ubuntu Releases
Ubuntu Product
Codename
linux
bionic
not-affected
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-41.41
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
linux-allwinner-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws
bionic
not-affected
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1021.21
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
linux-aws-5.0
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.11
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.3
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-5.8
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-fips
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-aws-hwe
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
not-affected
linux-azure
bionic
ignored
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1022.23
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
linux-azure-4.15
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.11
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.3
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-5.8
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-1022.23~22.04.1
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-edge
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-fde
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-fde-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-fde-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-fde-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-azure-fips
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-bluefield
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-fips
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp
bionic
ignored
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1022.24
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
dne
xenial
not-affected
linux-gcp-4.15
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.11
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.3
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-5.8
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-1022.24~22.04.1
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gcp-fips
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gke
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
ignored
linux-gke-4.15
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gke-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gke-5.4
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gkeop
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gkeop-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-gkeop-5.4
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
not-affected
linux-hwe-5.11
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-5.8
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-41.41~22.04.2
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-hwe-edge
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
ignored
linux-ibm
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
ignored
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-ibm-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-ibm-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-intel
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-intel-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-intel-iot-realtime
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-intel-iotg
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-intel-iotg-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-iot
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-kvm
bionic
not-affected
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
not-affected
linux-laptop
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1017.20
released
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lowlatency
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-41.41.1
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-41.41.1~22.04.1
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-lts-xenial
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
not-affected
xenial
dne
linux-nvidia
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-nvidia-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-nvidia-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-1021.22
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-nvidia-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-nvidia-lowlatency
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
ignored
linux-oem-5.10
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-5.14
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-5.17
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-5.6
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-6.0
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-6.1
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-6.11
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-1024.25
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oem-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
not-affected
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle
bionic
not-affected
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1024.24
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
dne
xenial
not-affected
linux-oracle-5.0
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-5.11
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-5.13
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-5.3
bionic
ignored
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-5.8
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-1024.24~22.04.1
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-oracle-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-raspi
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1018.21
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-raspi-5.4
bionic
not-affected
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-raspi-realtime
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-raspi2
bionic
ignored
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
ignored
linux-realtime
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
noble
dne
oracular
not-affected
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
ignored
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-40.40.1
released
noble
not-affected
oracular
not-affected
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv-5.11
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv-5.15
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv-5.8
bionic
dne
focal
ignored
jammy
dne
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-40.40.1~22.04.1
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-riscv-6.8
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
not-affected
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-starfive
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
dne
mantic
Fixed 6.5.0-1015.16
released
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-starfive-5.19
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-starfive-6.2
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
ignored
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-starfive-6.5
bionic
dne
focal
dne
jammy
Fixed 6.5.0-1015.16~22.04.1
released
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne
linux-xilinx-zynqmp
bionic
dne
focal
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
mantic
dne
noble
dne
oracular
dne
trusty
dne
xenial
dne