CVE-2025-12044

EUVD-2025-35718

23.10.2025, 20:15

Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

Provider	Type	Base Score	Atk. Vector	Atk. Complexity	Priv. Required	Vector
NIST	Primary	7.5 HIGH	NETWORK	LOW	NONE	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
HashiCorp	CNA	7.5 HIGH				CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Base Score

CVSS 3.x

EPSS Score

Percentile: 31%

Affected Products (NVD)

Vendor	Product	Version
hashicorp	vault	1.16.25 ≤ 𝑥 < 1.16.27
hashicorp	vault	1.18.14 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.18.15
hashicorp	vault	1.19.9 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.19.11
hashicorp	vault	1.20.3 ≤ 𝑥 < 1.20.5
hashicorp	vault	1.20.3 ≤ 𝑥 < 1.21.0

𝑥

= Vulnerable software versions

Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.

References

https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710