CVE-2025-21702

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

pfifo_tail_enqueue: Drop new packet when sch->limit == 0

Expected behaviour:
In case we reach scheduler's limit, pfifo_tail_enqueue() will drop a
packet in scheduler's queue and decrease scheduler's qlen by one.
Then, pfifo_tail_enqueue() enqueue new packet and increase
scheduler's qlen by one. Finally, pfifo_tail_enqueue() return
`NET_XMIT_CN` status code.

Weird behaviour:
In case we set `sch->limit == 0` and trigger pfifo_tail_enqueue() on a
scheduler that has no packet, the 'drop a packet' step will do nothing.
This means the scheduler's qlen still has value equal 0.
Then, we continue to enqueue new packet and increase scheduler's qlen by
one. In summary, we can leverage pfifo_tail_enqueue() to increase qlen by
one and return `NET_XMIT_CN` status code.

The problem is:
Let's say we have two qdiscs: Qdisc_A and Qdisc_B.
 - Qdisc_A's type must have '->graft()' function to create parent/child relationship.
   Let's say Qdisc_A's type is `hfsc`. Enqueue packet to this qdisc will trigger `hfsc_enqueue`.
 - Qdisc_B's type is pfifo_head_drop. Enqueue packet to this qdisc will trigger `pfifo_tail_enqueue`.
 - Qdisc_B is configured to have `sch->limit == 0`.
 - Qdisc_A is configured to route the enqueued's packet to Qdisc_B.

Enqueue packet through Qdisc_A will lead to:
 - hfsc_enqueue(Qdisc_A) -> pfifo_tail_enqueue(Qdisc_B)
 - Qdisc_B->q.qlen += 1
 - pfifo_tail_enqueue() return `NET_XMIT_CN`
 - hfsc_enqueue() check for `NET_XMIT_SUCCESS` and see `NET_XMIT_CN` => hfsc_enqueue() don't increase qlen of Qdisc_A.

The whole process lead to a situation where Qdisc_A->q.qlen == 0 and Qdisc_B->q.qlen == 1.
Replace 'hfsc' with other type (for example: 'drr') still lead to the same problem.
This violate the design where parent's qlen should equal to the sum of its childrens'qlen.

Bug impact: This issue can be used for user->kernel privilege escalation when it is reachable.
ProviderTypeBase ScoreAtk. VectorAtk. ComplexityPriv. RequiredVector
NISTNIST
UNKNOWN
---
LinuxCNA
---
---
Awaiting analysis
This vulnerability is currently awaiting analysis.
Base Score
CVSS 3.x
EPSS Score
Percentile: 17%
Debian logo
Debian Releases
Debian Product
Codename
linux
bullseye
vulnerable
bullseye (security)
vulnerable
bookworm
vulnerable
bookworm (security)
vulnerable
trixie
6.12.20-1
fixed
sid
6.12.21-1
fixed
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Ubuntu Releases
Ubuntu Product
Codename
linux
oracular
pending
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dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
needed
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi
oracular
pending
noble
pending
jammy
pending
focal
pending
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi-realtime
oracular
dne
noble
needed
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
ignored
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-realtime
oracular
pending
noble
pending
jammy
pending
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv
oracular
pending
noble
pending
jammy
ignored
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
pending
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
needed
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-starfive-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-starfive-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-starfive-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-xilinx-zynqmp
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
pending
focal
pending
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne