CVE-2025-21860

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/zswap: fix inconsistency when zswap_store_page() fails

Commit b7c0ccdfbafd ("mm: zswap: support large folios in zswap_store()")
skips charging any zswap entries when it failed to zswap the entire folio.

However, when some base pages are zswapped but it failed to zswap the
entire folio, the zswap operation is rolled back.  When freeing zswap
entries for those pages, zswap_entry_free() uncharges the zswap entries
that were not previously charged, causing zswap charging to become
inconsistent.

This inconsistency triggers two warnings with following steps:
  # On a machine with 64GiB of RAM and 36GiB of zswap
  $ stress-ng --bigheap 2 # wait until the OOM-killer kills stress-ng
  $ sudo reboot

  The two warnings are:
    in mm/memcontrol.c:163, function obj_cgroup_release():
      WARN_ON_ONCE(nr_bytes & (PAGE_SIZE - 1));

    in mm/page_counter.c:60, function page_counter_cancel():
      if (WARN_ONCE(new < 0, "page_counter underflow: %ld nr_pages=%lu\n",
	  new, nr_pages))

zswap_stored_pages also becomes inconsistent in the same way.

As suggested by Kanchana, increment zswap_stored_pages and charge zswap
entries within zswap_store_page() when it succeeds.  This way,
zswap_entry_free() will decrement the counter and uncharge the entries
when it failed to zswap the entire folio.

While this could potentially be optimized by batching objcg charging and
incrementing the counter, let's focus on fixing the bug this time and
leave the optimization for later after some evaluation.

After resolving the inconsistency, the warnings disappear.

[42.hyeyoo@gmail.com: refactor zswap_store_page()]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250131082037.2426-1-42.hyeyoo@gmail.com
ProviderTypeBase ScoreAtk. VectorAtk. ComplexityPriv. RequiredVector
NISTNIST
3.3 LOW
LOCAL
LOW
LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
LinuxCNA
---
---
Base Score
CVSS 3.x
EPSS Score
Percentile: 1%
VendorProductVersion
linuxlinux_kernel
6.13 ≤
𝑥
< 6.13.5
linuxlinux_kernel
6.14:rc1
linuxlinux_kernel
6.14:rc2
linuxlinux_kernel
6.14:rc3
𝑥
= Vulnerable software versions
Debian logo
Debian Releases
Debian Product
Codename
linux
bullseye
5.10.223-1
fixed
bullseye (security)
5.10.234-1
fixed
bookworm
6.1.129-1
fixed
bookworm (security)
6.1.128-1
fixed
trixie
6.12.20-1
fixed
sid
6.12.21-1
fixed
Ubuntu logo
Ubuntu Releases
Ubuntu Product
Codename
linux
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
trusty
not-affected
linux-allwinner-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
trusty
not-affected
linux-aws-5.0
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.3
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-aws-fips
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-aws-hwe
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
not-affected
trusty
dne
linux-azure
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
ignored
xenial
not-affected
trusty
not-affected
linux-azure-4.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.3
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-edge
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-fde
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-fde-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-fde-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-fde-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-azure-fips
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-bluefield
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-fips
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
ignored
xenial
not-affected
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-4.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.3
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gcp-fips
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-gke
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-gke-4.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gke-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gke-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gkeop
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gkeop-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-gkeop-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
not-affected
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-6.11
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-hwe-edge
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-ibm
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-ibm-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-ibm-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-intel
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-intel-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-intel-iot-realtime
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-intel-iotg
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-intel-iotg-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-iot
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-kvm
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-lts-xenial
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
not-affected
linux-nvidia
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-nvidia-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-nvidia-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-nvidia-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-nvidia-lowlatency
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-oem-5.10
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-5.14
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-5.17
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-5.6
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-6.0
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-6.1
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-6.11
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oem-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
not-affected
xenial
not-affected
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.0
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.13
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.3
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
ignored
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-oracle-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi-5.4
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
not-affected
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi-realtime
oracular
dne
noble
not-affected
jammy
dne
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-raspi2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
ignored
xenial
ignored
trusty
dne
linux-realtime
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv
oracular
not-affected
noble
not-affected
jammy
ignored
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.11
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.15
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-5.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
dne
focal
ignored
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-riscv-6.8
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-starfive-5.19
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-starfive-6.2
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-starfive-6.5
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
ignored
focal
dne
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne
linux-xilinx-zynqmp
oracular
dne
noble
dne
jammy
not-affected
focal
not-affected
bionic
dne
xenial
dne
trusty
dne