CVE-2026-31656

EUVD-2026-25549
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat

A use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat
worker and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() race to release the same
engine->heartbeat.systole request.

The heartbeat worker reads engine->heartbeat.systole and calls
i915_request_put() on it when the request is complete, but clears
the pointer in a separate, non-atomic step. Concurrently, a request
retirement on another CPU can drop the engine wakeref to zero, triggering
__engine_park() -> intel_engine_park_heartbeat(). If the heartbeat
timer is pending at that point, cancel_delayed_work() returns true and
intel_engine_park_heartbeat() reads the stale non-NULL systole pointer
and calls i915_request_put() on it again, causing a refcount underflow:

```
<4> [487.221889] Workqueue: i915-unordered engine_retire [i915]
<4> [487.222640] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x68/0xb0
...
<4> [487.222707] Call Trace:
<4> [487.222711]  <TASK>
<4> [487.222716]  intel_engine_park_heartbeat.part.0+0x6f/0x80 [i915]
<4> [487.223115]  intel_engine_park_heartbeat+0x25/0x40 [i915]
<4> [487.223566]  __engine_park+0xb9/0x650 [i915]
<4> [487.223973]  ____intel_wakeref_put_last+0x2e/0xb0 [i915]
<4> [487.224408]  __intel_wakeref_put_last+0x72/0x90 [i915]
<4> [487.224797]  intel_context_exit_engine+0x7c/0x80 [i915]
<4> [487.225238]  intel_context_exit+0xf1/0x1b0 [i915]
<4> [487.225695]  i915_request_retire.part.0+0x1b9/0x530 [i915]
<4> [487.226178]  i915_request_retire+0x1c/0x40 [i915]
<4> [487.226625]  engine_retire+0x122/0x180 [i915]
<4> [487.227037]  process_one_work+0x239/0x760
<4> [487.227060]  worker_thread+0x200/0x3f0
<4> [487.227068]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
<4> [487.227075]  kthread+0x10d/0x150
<4> [487.227083]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
<4> [487.227092]  ret_from_fork+0x3d4/0x480
<4> [487.227099]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
<4> [487.227107]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
<4> [487.227141]  </TASK>
```

Fix this by replacing the non-atomic pointer read + separate clear with
xchg() in both racing paths. xchg() is a single indivisible hardware
instruction that atomically reads the old pointer and writes NULL. This
guarantees only one of the two concurrent callers obtains the non-NULL
pointer and performs the put, the other gets NULL and skips it.

(cherry picked from commit 13238dc0ee4f9ab8dafa2cca7295736191ae2f42)
Wrap or Wraparound
ProviderTypeBase ScoreAtk. VectorAtk. ComplexityPriv. RequiredVector
NISTPrimary
7.8 HIGH
LOCAL
LOW
LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Base Score
CVSS 3.x
EPSS Score
Percentile: 3%
Affected Products (NVD)
VendorProductVersion
linuxlinux_kernel
5.5.1 ≤
𝑥
< 5.15.203
linuxlinux_kernel
5.16 ≤
𝑥
< 6.1.169
linuxlinux_kernel
6.2 ≤
𝑥
< 6.6.135
linuxlinux_kernel
6.7 ≤
𝑥
< 6.12.82
linuxlinux_kernel
6.13 ≤
𝑥
< 6.18.23
linuxlinux_kernel
6.19 ≤
𝑥
< 6.19.13
linuxlinux_kernel
5.5
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc1
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc2
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc3
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc4
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc5
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc6
linuxlinux_kernel
7.0:rc7
𝑥
= Vulnerable software versions
openSUSE logo
openSUSE / SLES Releases
openSUSE Product
Release
cluster-md-kmp-default
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
dlm-kmp-default
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
gfs2-kmp-default
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-64kb
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-default
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-default-base
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1.150400.24.110.2
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1.150600.12.52.1
fixed
kernel-docs
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-macros
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-obs-build
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-source
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-syms
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
kernel-zfcpdump
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
ocfs2-kmp-default
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
reiserfs-kmp-default
suse enterprise server 15 SP4
5.14.21-150400.24.219.1
fixed
suse enterprise server 15 SP6
6.4.0-150600.23.112.1
fixed
Amazon Linux logo
Amazon Linux Releases
Amazon Package
Release
bpftool
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
bpftool-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
bpftool6.12
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
bpftool6.12-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
bpftool6.18
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
bpftool6.18-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-devel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-headers
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-livepatch-6.1.170-210.320
Amazon Linux 2023
1:1.0-0.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-livepatch-6.12.83-113.160
Amazon Linux 2023
1:1.0-0.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-livepatch-6.18.25-55.108
Amazon Linux 2023
1:1.0-0.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-modules-extra
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-modules-extra-common
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-tools
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-tools-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel-tools-devel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-devel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-headers
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-modules-extra
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-modules-extra-common
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-tools
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.12-tools-devel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-aarch64
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-x86_64
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-devel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-headers
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-modules-extra
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-modules-extra-common
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-tools
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-tools-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
kernel6.18-tools-devel
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
perf
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
perf-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
perf6.12
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
perf6.12-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
perf6.18
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
perf6.18-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
python3-perf
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
python3-perf-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.1.170-210.320.amzn2023
fixed
python3-perf6.12
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
python3-perf6.12-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.12.83-113.160.amzn2023
fixed
python3-perf6.18
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
python3-perf6.18-debuginfo
Amazon Linux 2023
1:6.18.25-55.108.amzn2023
fixed
Azure Linux logo
Azure Linux Releases
Azure Package
Release
kernel
Azure Linux 3.0
0:6.6.137.1-1.azl3
fixed